Yama-Rein, bridle, charioteer, driver





yama
yáma [p= 846,1] [L=170382]
 a rein , curb , bridle RV. v , 61 , 2

ib. viii , 103 , 10

vācām , restraint of words , silence) BhP.

opp. to niyama , a minor observance ; in Ya1jn5. iii , 313 ten yamas are mentioned , sometimes only five) Mn. MBh. &c

yoga) self-restraint (as the first of the eight aṅgas or means of attaining mental concentration) IW. 93

Pa1rGr2.
yamá [L=170388]
(ā́ or ī́)n. twin-born , twin , forming a pair RV. &c
yáma [L=170389]
 a twin , one of a pair or couple , a fellow (du. " the twins " N. of the aśvins and of their twin children by mādrī , called nakula and saha-deva ; yamau mithunau , twins of different sex) ib.
yáma [L=170390]
 a symbolical N. for the number " two " Hcat.
yáma [p= 846,2] [p= 846,1] [L=170391]
 N. of the god who presides over the pitṛs (q.v.) and rules the spirits of the dead RV. &c IW. 18 ; 197 , 198 &c RTL. 10 ; 16 ; 289 &c (he is regarded as the first of men and born from vivasvat , " the Sun " , and his wife saraṇyū ; while his brother , the seventh manu , another form of the first man , is the son of vivasvat and saṃjñā , the image of saraṇyū ; his twin-sister is yamī , with whom he resists sexual alliance , but by whom he is mourned after his death , so that the gods , to make her forget her sorrow , create night ; in the veda he is called a king or saṃgamano janānām , " the gatherer of men " , and rules over the departed fathers in heaven , the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed , four-eyed , spotted dogs , the children of śaramā q.v. ; in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and " Restrainer " or " Punisher " of the dead , in which capacity he is also called dharmarāja or dharma and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos ; his abode is in some region of the lower world called yama-pura ; thither a soul when it leaves the body , is said to repair , and there , after the recorder , citra-gupta , has read an account of its actions kept in a book called agra-saṃdhānā , it receives a just sentence ; in MBh. yama is described as dressed in blood-red garments , with a glittering form , a crown on his head , glowing eyes and like varuṇa , holding a noose , with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body , in size about the measure of a man's thumb ; he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect , green in colour , clothed in red , riding on a buffalo , and holding a club in one hind and noose in the other ; in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures , called yātanā , on departed spirits ; he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter ; he is the regent of the nakṣatra apa-bharaṇī or bharaṇī , the supposed author of RV. x , 10 ; 14 , of a hymn to viṣṇu and of a law-book ; yamasyā*rkaḥ N. of a sāman A1rshBr. )
yáma [L=170392]
 N. of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of vivasvat and chāyā) Hariv. BhP.
yáma [L=170393]
 of one of skanda's attendants (mentioned together with ati-yama) MBh.
yáma [L=170394]
 a crow L. (cf. -dūtaka)
yáma [L=170395]
 a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large) L.
yáma [L=170397]
 a pair , brace , couple L.
yáma [L=170398]
 (in gram.) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood , but not written in practice , between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class) Pra1t. Pat. on Pa1n2. 1-1 , 8
yáma [L=170399]
 pitch of the voice , tone of utterance , key Pra1t.
(H2) m.
[L=170383]a driver , charioteer
[L=170384]the act of checking or curbing , suppression , restraint (with
[L=170385]self-control forbearance , any great moral rule or duty (as
[L=170386](in
[L=170387]any rule or observance
(H2B) mf
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) m.
(H2B) n.
(H2B) n.
(H2B) n.


yamas in Ashtanga:


  • 1)    ahimsa: "Noninjury." Not harming others by thought, word, or deed.
  • 2)    satya: "Truthfulness." Refraining from lying and betraying promises.
  • 3)    asteya: "Nonstealing." Neither stealing, nor coveting nor entering into debt.
  • 4)    brahmacharya: (Sanskrit) "Divine conduct." Controlling lust by remaining celibate when single, leading to faithfulness in marriage.
  • 5)    kshama: (Sanskrit) "Patience." Restraining intolerance with people and impatience with circumstances.
  • 6)    dhriti: "Steadfastness." Overcoming nonperseverance, fear, indecision and changeableness.
  • 7)    daya: "Compassion." Conquering callous, cruel and insensitive feelings toward all beings.
  • 8)    arjava: "Honesty, straightforwardness." Renouncing deception and wrongdoing.
  • 9)    mitahara: "Moderate appetite." Neither eating too much nor consuming meat, fish, fowl or eggs.
  • 10) shaucha: "Purity." Avoiding impurity in body, mind and speech. -